Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 76
Filter
1.
Acta cir. bras ; 32(11): 964-972, Nov. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886186

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of atenolol in inflammatory mediator and oxidative stress in a myocardial injury by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rat model. Methods: Adult Wistar male rats were randomly (n=8), anesthetized and divided in: Sham: submitted to operation only; group SS+IR: intravenous saline infusion following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and open for 120 minutes (reperfusion); group AT+IR: intravenous atenolol infusion (2 mg/kg) following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and open for 120 minutes (reperfusion); and group AT+I+AT+R: intravenous atenolol infusion following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and in the time 45 minutes other atenolol doses were administrated and the artery was open for 120 minutes (reperfusion), all animals were submitted to muscular relaxation for mechanical ventilation. In the end of experiment the animals were euthanized and the hearts tissue were morphology analyzed by histology and malondialdehyde by ELISA, and the plasma were analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha by ELISA. Results: The group SS+IR demonstrated the higher malondialdehyde levels when compared with the atenolol treated-groups (p=0.001) in the heart tissue. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha level in plasma decrease in the treated groups when compared with SS+IR group (p=0.001). Histology analyses demonstrate pyknosis, edema, cellular vacuolization, presence of inflammatory infiltrate and band contraction in the heart tissue of the rats. Conclusion: Atenolol significantly reduce the degree of cardiac damage after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Atenolol/pharmacology , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Heart/drug effects , Intestines/blood supply , Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Rats, Wistar , Mesenteric Artery, Superior , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacokinetics
2.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 37(2): 63-67, jun. 2017. graf., ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1087149

ABSTRACT

Presentamos un paciente de 63 años con cáncer renal y aumento de fosfatasa alcalina sérica de tipo óseo de acuerdo con su reactividad con anticuerpos monoclonales específicos. Se descartaron las causas conocidas de aumento de la isoenzima, incluyendo metástasis óseas. Los niveles enzimáticos cayeron abruptamente con la remoción del tumor, por lo que consideramos a este último como su origen. Diversas isoenzimas de fosfatasa alcalina pueden ser producidas y secretadas por tumores como manifestación paraneoplásica. El conocimiento de esto puede, en ocasiones, orientarnos hacia la presencia de una neoplasia oculta. Además, los cambios en los niveles séricos de esas isoenzimas pueden ser indicadores de respuesta al tratamiento o de recidiva tumoral. (AU)


A 63-year old man was seen in the outpatient clinic because of renal cancer and elevation in bone alkaline phosphatase measured by monoclonal antibodies assay. Known causes of bone isoenzyme augmentation, including bone metastases, were ruled out. The tumoral origin of the isoenzyme was diagnosed because after removal of the tumor the enzymatic levels fell sharply. Several alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes can be produced and secreted by tumors as a paraneoplasic manifestation and their elevation could be a manifestation of an occult neoplasia. Furthermore the monitoring of their blood levels can be useful means of treatment response and a tool to monitoring recurrence if a sharp decrease after removal of the tumor is observed. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Alkaline Phosphatase/biosynthesis , Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism , Osteitis Deformans/diagnostic imaging , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Biomarkers , Erythropoietin/therapeutic use , Simvastatin/therapeutic use , Alkaline Phosphatase/analysis , Alkaline Phosphatase/radiation effects , Alkaline Phosphatase/physiology , Everolimus/therapeutic use , Sunitinib/therapeutic use , Zoledronic Acid/therapeutic use , Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy , Hypertension/drug therapy , Ilium/diagnostic imaging , Anemia/drug therapy , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Antibodies, Monoclonal/radiation effects
3.
Porto Alegre; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Telessaúde; 2017. ilus.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-995638

ABSTRACT

Hipertireoidismo é o excesso de função da glândula tireoide. É a principal causa de tireotoxicose, que, por sua vez, é a manifestação clínica do excesso de hormônios tireoidianos. O hipertireoidismo é mais comum em mulheres do que em homens (razão de 5:1), tendo como principais causas a Doença de Graves (60 % a 80% dos casos), etiologia típica em mulheres jovens com idade entre 20 a 40 anos, e o bócio multinodular tóxico (10 % a 30% dos casos), mais frequente em idosos. O adenoma tóxico e as tireoidites são menos comuns (1%). Hipertireoidismo e tireotoxicose também podem ser induzidos por medicamentos como amiodarona, interferon, levotiroxina e lítio. A doença deve ser investigada em pacientes com manifestações clínicas, não havendo recomendação para rastreamento populacional. Informações sobre tireotoxicose induzida por levotiroxina (TSH reduzido em paciente que faz uso de levotiroxina) podem ser obtidas no material TeleCondutas Hipotireoidismo. Esta guia apresenta informação que orienta a conduta para casos de hipertiroidismo no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde, incluindo: sinais e sintomas, diagnóstico do hipertireoidismo, tratamento do hipertireoidismo, tratamento do hipertireoidismo subclínico, hipertireoidismo na gestação, encaminhamento para serviço especializado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hyperthyroidism/diagnosis , Hyperthyroidism/therapy , Primary Health Care , Propranolol/therapeutic use , Referral and Consultation , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Iodine Radioisotopes , Methimazole/therapeutic use , Metoprolol/therapeutic use
5.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 41(5): 305-310, Sep-Oct/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-729963

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the perioperative use of atenolol in reducing the incidence of hematoma after rhytidoplasty. Methods: Between January 2007 and February 2013, 80 patients were randomized into two groups: Group A (n = 26) received perioperative atenolol in order to maintain heart rate (PR) around 60 per minute; Group B (n = 54) did not receive atenolol. Both groups underwent the same anesthetic and surgical technique. We monitored blood pressure (BP), HR, hematoma formation and the need for drainage. Patients were followed-up until the 90th postoperative day. The variables were compared between the groups using the ANOVA test. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation and the differences were compared with the Student's t test. Values of p d" 0.05 were considered significant. Results: In group A the mean BP (110-70mmHg ± 7.07) and HR (64 / min ± 5) were lower (p d" 0.05) than in group B (135-90mmHg ± 10.6) and (76 / min ± 7.5), respectively. There were four cases of expansive hematoma in group B, all requiring reoperation for drainage, and none in group A (p d" 0,001). Conclusion: The perioperative use of atenolol caused a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate and decreased the incidence of expanding hematoma after rhytidectomy. .


Objetivo: avaliar o uso perioperatório do atenolol na redução da incidência de hematoma pós-ritidoplastia. Métodos: entre janeiro de 2007 e fevereiro de 2013 foram randomizados 80 pacientes em dois grupos: Grupo A (n=26) recebeu atenolol perioperatório com objetivo de manter frequência de pulso (FP) ± 60 por minuto, Grupo B (n=54) não recebeu atenolol. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos à mesma técnica anestésico-cirúrgica. A pressão arterial (PA) e FP, formação de hematoma e a necessidade de drenagem foram monitorizados. Houve seguimento até o 90º dia de pós-operatório. As variáveis foram analisadas entre os dois grupos utilizando-se o teste de ANOVA. As variáveis contínuas foram apresentadas como média (± Desvio-padrão) e as diferenças foram comparadas utilizando-se o t de Student. Foram considerados significantes os valores p<0,05. Resultados: as médias no grupo A de PA (110-70mmHg ± 7,07) e FP (64 /min ± 5) foram menores (p<0,05) em relação ao grupo B (135-90mmHg ± 10,6) e (76/min ± 7,5), respectivamente. Houve quatro casos de hematoma expansivo no grupo B, todos com necessidade de reoperação para a sua drenagem e nenhum no grupo A (p<0,001). Conclusão: o uso do atenolol perioperatório promoveu a redução de pressão arterial e frequência de pulso e diminuiu a incidência de hematoma expansivo pós-ritidoplastia. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Rhytidoplasty/adverse effects , Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use , Hematoma/etiology , Hematoma/prevention & control , Prospective Studies , Middle Aged
6.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 69(3)mar. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-621009

ABSTRACT

Em estudo multicêntrico, aberto, randomizado e comparativo (estudo ATENAS) foi avaliado no período de extensão (da 12ª a 48ª semanas) a eficácia anti-hipertensiva, a tolerabilidade, a segurança e o impacto sobre a sensibilidade à insulina da combinação galênica única de atenolol 25 a 50 mg e anlodipino 5 mg comparada à combinação livre de atenolol 50 a 100 mg com clortalidona 12,5 a 25 mg em hipertensos primários estágios 1 e 2. Observamos que a combinação de atenolol e anlodipino é segura, bem tolerada e proporciona em longo prazo maiores reduções da pressão arterial que o tratamento com a combinação de atenolol e clortalidona. A maior redução da pressão arterial permitiu que maior percentual de pacientes tivesse a pressão arterial controlada tanto para o critério de PAD < 90 mmHg (87,7% a 95,9%) quanto para PAD £ 85 mmHg (69,9% a 90,2%). Menor incidência de bradicardia, cefaleia, alterações lipídicas e glicêmicas foram relatadas nos pacientes tratados com a combinação de atenolol e anlodipino. A incidência de edema de membros inferiores neste grupo (6,1%) foi menor que a relatada na literatura para mesma dose de anlodipino em monoterapia. O tratamento com atenolol combinado com o anlodipino não alterou a sensibilidade à insulina. Concluindo, a combinação em formulação galênica única de atenolol e anlodipino em doses baixas a medianas constitui boa opção terapêutica da hipertensão arterial primária estágio 1 e 2 em longo prazo, é superior à combinação de atenolol e clortalidona, sendo opção preferencial para pacientes hipertensos com doença arterial coronariana.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Antihypertensive Agents/analysis , Antihypertensive Agents/metabolism , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Atenolol/analysis , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Chlorthalidone/therapeutic use , Hypertension/metabolism , Hypertension/drug therapy
7.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 29(3): 309-319, jul.-sep. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-584742

ABSTRACT

Cuando la cardiopatía isquémica coexiste con la hipertensión arterial, el tratamiento de esta se torna una tarea compleja. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto sobre el control ambulatorio de la presión arterial (en una cohorte de hipertensos sistólicos mayores de 50 años con cardiopatía isquémica asociada) de una estrategia de tratamiento antihipertensivo basada en un betabloqueador (atenolol), un diurético y un inhibidor de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina. Se incluyeron 126 pacientes (hipertensos no controlados mayores de 50 años con cardiopatía isquémica estable crónica que fueron evaluados al inicio y a las 6, 24 y 52 sem. A las 6 sem estaban controlados el 52,38 por ciento de los pacientes, a los 6 meses 54,76 por ciento y al año el 71,42 por ciento. Los resultados indican que el tratamiento fue efectivo para controlar la presión arterial y reducir las crisis de angina de pecho en hipertensos sistólicos. Para lograr esto, la mayoría de los pacientes necesitó 2 ó 3 medicamentos, lo que indica que esta cohorte de pacientes hipertensos sistólicos, en su mayoría de la tercera edad y con una cardiopatía isquémica estable crónica asociada, necesitan una terapéutica adecuada, con un seguimiento frecuente


When ischemic heart disease is associated with arterial hypertension, treatment becomes a complex task. A group of 126 non-controlled patients with isolated systolic hypertension aged over 50 with associated ischemic heart disease was studied to assess the effect of an antihypertensive treatment strategy based on the combination of a b-blocker (Atenolol), a diuretic, and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) on the ambulatory control of arterial pressure. All patients were assessed at onset and 6, 24 and 52 weeks later. The percentage of patients achieving blood pressure control was 52.38 percent; 54.76 percent and 71.42 percent at 6, 24 and 52 weeks respectively. The results showed that treatment was effective to control the arterial pressure and to reduce the angina episodes in the systolic hypertensive ones. To achieve it, most of patients needed two or three drugs indicating that this group of hypertensive and systolic patients in the main of third age and with an associated chronic stable ischemic heart disease needs an appropriate therapy with a frequent follow-up


Subject(s)
Humans , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Hypertension/therapy , Myocardial Ischemia/epidemiology
8.
Invest. clín ; 51(1): 77-86, Mar. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-574081

ABSTRACT

Calcium channel blockers, β adrenergic receptor blockers and Na/K ATPase inhibitors are widely used drugs, mainly for cardiovascular diseases. Their pharmacological targets are not restricted to the cardivascular tissue, nociceptive system structures also express similar targets, which strongly suggests a direct effect on pain sensation. To evaluate the pain intensity changes in outpatient groups, who receive these drugs as a therapy, a cross-sectional sampled, randomized patient groups receiving the calcium channel blocker amlodipine for blood hypertension (n=45), β adrenergic receptor blockers (propranolol, atenolol or pindolol; n=40) for blood hypertension, or digoxin (n=40) for heart failure, were compared to an aparently healthy volunteers control group (n=60). A calibrated noxious pressure of 890 g/mm² was applied for 5 seconds on the patient’s sternum. Subjective pain intensity was reported by the visual analog scale (VAS, 0 to 10). Pain modulation system was evaluated by the application of a second stimulus with a 5 minutes delay. The analgesic effect of the β blockers group (propanolol, atenolol, pindolol) was dosage-dependant (-36.8 percent; P=0.0000003), without differences among them. The calcium channel blocker amlodipine showed lower pain scores (-50.6 percent; P=0.0000003) than β-receptor blockers (P=0.0000003). Digoxin presented the highest pain scores (+56.5 percent; P=0.0000003). All pain scores for the second stimulus were lower than the first stimulus and were differentially affected by β-blockers (atenolol, pindolol and propanolol) and calcium channel blocker (amlodipine), but not by digoxin. These results suggest the influence of widely clinically used cardiovascular drugs on nociception.


Los bloqueadores de los canales de calcio, los bloqueadores de los receptores β adrenérgicos y los inhibidores de la ATPasa Na/K son medicamentos ampliamente usados en enfermedades cardiovasculares. Sus blancos farmacológicos no se restringen al tejido cardiovascular, el sistema nervioso nociceptivo expresa blancos similares, lo que sugiere fuertemente un efecto directo en la sensación del dolor. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los cambios en la intensidad del dolor en grupos de pacientes ambulatorios que reciban estos medicamentos como terapia. Grupos aleatorios de pacientes que reciben el bloqueador de canales de calcio amlodipina contra la hipertensión arterial (n=45), bloqueadores de receptores β adrenérgicos (propranolol, atenolol or pindolol; n=40) contra la hipertensión arterial o digoxina (n=40) por insuficiencia cardíaca fueron comparados con un grupo control de voluntarios aparentemente sanos (n=60). A todos los grupos se les aplicó una presión nociva calibrada de 890 g/mm² durante 5 segundos sobre el esternón. El paciente reportó la intensidad subjetiva del dolor mediante la escala visual análoga (VAS). El sistema de modulación descendente del dolor fue evaluado mediante la aplicación del mismo estímulo 5 minutos después del primero. Se determinó un efecto analgésico en el grupo de β bloqueantes (propanolol, atenolol, pindolol) dosis dependiente (-36,8 por ciento; P=0,0000003) sin mostrar diferencias entre ellos. El bloqueador de canales de calcio amlodipina mostró un efecto analgésico (-50,6 por ciento; P=0,0000003) que fue mayor que el de los β bloqueantes (P=0,0000003). El grupo con digoxina expresó un efecto hiperalgésico (+56,5 por ciento; P=0,0000003). Todos los valores de dolor para el segundo estímulo fueron menores que para el primero y fueron diferencialmente afectados por los β bloqueantes (atenolol, pindolol and propanolol) y por la amlodipina pero no por la digoxina. Estos...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Diseases , Digoxin/therapeutic use , Pain Measurement , Pindolol/therapeutic use , Propranolol/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Agents/analysis , Bleaching Agents
9.
Clinics ; 65(9): 857-863, 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-562828

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the importance of providing guidelines to patients via active telephone calls for blood pressure control and for preventing the discontinuation of treatment among hypertensive patients. INTRODUCTION: Many reasons exist for non-adherence to medical regimens, and one of the strategies employed to improve treatment compliance is the use of active telephone calls. METHODS: Hypertensive patients (n=354) who could receive telephone calls to remind them of their medical appointments and receive instruction about hypertension were distributed into two groups: a) "uncomplicated" - hypertensive patients with no other concurrent diseases and b) "complicated" - severe hypertensive patients (mean diastolic >110 mmHg with or without medication) or patients with comorbidities. All patients, except those excluded (n=44), were open-block randomized to follow two treatment regimens ("traditional" or "current") and to receive or not receive telephone calls ("phone calls" and "no phone calls" groups, respectively). RESULTS: Significantly fewer patients in the "phone calls" group discontinued treatment compared to those in the "no phone calls" group (4 vs. 30; p<0.0094). There was no difference in the percentage of patients with controlled blood pressure in the "phone calls" group and "no phone calls" group or in the "traditional" and "current" groups. The percentage of patients with controlled blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg) was increased at the end of the treatment (74 percent), reaching 80 percent in the "uncomplicated" group and 67 percent in the "complicated" group (p<0.000001). CONCLUSION: Guidance to patients via active telephone calls is an efficient strategy for preventing the discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/therapeutic use , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use , Hydrochlorothiazide/therapeutic use , Hypertension/drug therapy , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Clinical Protocols , Losartan/therapeutic use , Telephone
10.
Ann Card Anaesth ; 2009 Jul; 12(2): 133-135
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135167

ABSTRACT

The repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in the presence of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) carries a high-risk of adverse peri-operative cardiac event. The options to reduce cardiac risk include perioperative β-blockade, preoperative optimization by myocardial revascularization and simultaneous (combined) coronary artery bypass grafting and aneurysm repair. We describe intra-operative controlled phlebotomy to optimize myocardial stress during repair of infrarenal AAA in a patient with significant stable CAD.


Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Aged , Anesthesia, General , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/complications , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control , Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Humans , Male , Myocardial Revascularization , Phlebotomy
11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 66(3b): 615-618, set. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-495521

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder. Although prevention is the mainstream treatment, some patients are refractory to standard therapies. AIM: To evaluate the use of quetiapine (QTP) in the preventive treatment of refractory migraine, defined as previous unresponsiveness to the combination atenolol + nortriptyline + flunarizine. METHOD: Thirty-four consecutive patients (30 women and 4 men) with migraine (ICHD-II) and headache attacks on less than 15 days per month not overusing symptomatic medications were studied. The main inclusion criterion was the lack of response (<50 percent reduction in attack frequency) after ten weeks to the combination of atenolol (60 mg/day) + nortriptyline (25 mg/day) + flunarizine (3 mg/day). The patients started on QTP as the sole treatment in a single daily dose of 25 mg, titrated to 75 mg. After ten weeks, headache frequency, consumption of rescue medications and adverse events were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty nine patients completed the study. Among completers, 22 (75.9 percent; 64.7 percent of the intention-to-treat population) presented >50 percent headache reduction. The mean frequency of migraine days decreased from 10.2 to 6.2 and the average consumption of rescue medications decreased from 2.3 to 1.2 days/week. Adverse events were reported by 9 (31 percent) patients. CONCLUSION: Although limited by the open design, this study provides a pilot data to support the use of quetiapine in preventive treatment of refractory migraine.


INTRODUÇÃO: A migrânea é uma doença neurológica prevalente. Embora a prevenção seja o esteio principal do tratamento, alguns pacientes são refratários aos tratamentos tradicionais. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso da quetiapina (QTP) no tratamento preventivo da migrânea refratária definida como ausência de resposta ao uso prévio da combinação de atenolol com nortriptilina e flunarizina. MÉTODO: Trinta e quatro pacientes consecutivos (30 mulheres e 4 homens) com migrânea (CIC-II) e crises de cefaléia em menos de 15 dias/mês sem uso excessivo de sintomáticos foram estudados. O critério de inclusão principal foi a não obtenção na redução da frequência de cefaléia >50 por cento após 10 semanas de uso da combinação de atenolol (60 mg/dia) + nortriptilina (25 mg/dia) + flunarizina (3 mg/dia). Os pacientes iniciaram a QTP como tratamento único na dose de 25 mg à noite e aumentaram-na até 75 mg. Após 10 semanas de uso, a frequência da cefaléia, o consumo de sintomáticos e os efeitos colaterais foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: Vinte e nove pacientes completaram o estudo. Entre os que completaram, 22 (75.9 por cento; 64.7 por cento dos pacientes que foram incluídos) obtiveram redução da frequência >50 por cento. A frequência média de dias com migrânea por mês decresceu de 10,2 para 6,2. O consumo médio de sintomáticos caiu de 2,3 para 1,2 dias/semana. Efeitos colaterais foram relatados por 9 (31 por cento) pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de limitado pela metodologia aberta, esse estudo oferece dados iniciais para a possível utilidade da QTP na prevenção da migrânea refratária.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Dibenzothiazepines/therapeutic use , Migraine Disorders/prevention & control , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance , Drug Therapy, Combination , Flunarizine/therapeutic use , Nortriptyline/therapeutic use , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
12.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 75(3): 202-206, mayo-jun. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-613242

ABSTRACT

El cuerpo carotídeo (CC) es el principal quimiorreceptor arterial periférico, capaz de sensar los cambios en la PaO2, la PaCO2 y de pH y transducirlos en señales nerviosas reguladoras de respuestas ventilatorias, circulatorias y endócrinas, que permiten una adaptación a la hipoxemia, la acidosis y la hipercapnia. El seno carotídeo, ubicado próximo al CC, con función barorreceptora, genera respuestas cardiovasculares que descienden la tensión arterial (TA). Ambas estructuras son inervadas por el nervio del seno carotídeo (NSC), que a su vez se proyecta al núcleo del tracto solitario (NTS), y se relacionan íntimamente entre sí y reciben la denominación de baroquimiorreceptores. Últimamente estos órganos se han considerado claves en la regulación de respuestas cardiorrespiratorias homeostáticas que podrían estar íntimamente relacionadas con el desarrollo y el mantenimiento de la hipertensión arterial (HTA). Existe escasa información sobre los cambios estructurales que ocurren en estos órganos durante la HTA y/o como consecuencia de ella. Nuestro planteo es que los baroquimiorreceptores carotídeos representarían un nuevo “órgano blanco” de la HTA. En diversos estudios realizados en seres humanos y en modelos de hipertensión sistólica en animales observamos un daño severo en el CC que se correlacionó significativamente con la elevación de la TA. A su vez, considerando que el sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (SRAA) tendría un papel significativo en la fisiopatología del daño observado, demostramos que el ramipril, versus el atenolol, ejerce un efecto protector sobre el CC más allá de la mera reducción de la TA. Incluso el losartán mostró dicho efecto protector, aun cuando los animales utilizados en los modelos fueron normotensos. Nuestros hallazgos indican que el CC se comporta como un órgano blanco de la HTA y que la activación de un SRAA local sería responsable de los cambios morfológicos y funcionales observados.


The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral arterial chemoreceptor, able to sense changes in PaO2, PaCO2 and pH, and translate them into nervous signals that regulate ventilating, circulating and endocrine responses which allow adaptation to hypoxemia, acidosis, and hypercapnia. The carotid sinus, located next to the CB, with a baroreceptor function, generates cardiovascular responses that decrease arterial hypertension. Both structures are innervated by the carotid sinus nerve (CSN), which is projected to the solitary tract nucleus (STN), closely inter-related and called barochemoreceptors. Lately, these organs have been considered key in the regulation of homeostatic cardiorespiratory responses that could be intimately related to the development and maintenance of arterial hypertension (AHT). There is scant information on the structural changes that occur in these organs during AHT and/or as its consequence. Our hypothesis is that carotid barochemoreceptors would be a new “target organ” of the AHT. In several studies performed in humans and in models of systolic hypertension in animals we observed a severe damage in the CB which was significantly correlated with elevation of the AT. Hence, considering that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS) would play a significant role in the pathophysiology of the observed injury, we showed that ramipril versus atenolol has a protective effect on the CB further to the mere decrease of the AT. Even though the animal models used had normal pressure, losartan showed this protective effect. Our findings indicate that the CB behaves as a target organ in AHT and the activation of a local RAAS would be responsible for the morphological and functional changes that were observed.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Carotid Arteries/physiology , Carotid Arteries/pathology , Chemoreceptor Cells/physiology , Pressoreceptors/physiopathology , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Carotid Body/physiology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Losartan/therapeutic use , Ramipril/therapeutic use
13.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(2b): 521-523, jun. 2007.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-456865

ABSTRACT

We report a case of a 18-year-old female patient that developed a migraine-like headache following an acute meningococcal meningitis. She had no previous history of recurrent headaches. The pain was intense, pulsatile and throbbing, typically unilateral, without aura. Its frequency increased during the following weeks and a prophylactic treatment with amitriptyline and atenolol was initiated. There was remission of the attacks.


Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 18 anos, previamente hígida, sem história pregressa de cefaléia, que apresentou um quadro agudo caracterizado por febre, cefaléia holocraniana, sonolência, vômitos e sinais de irritação meníngea. Teve investigação laboratorial compatível com meningite meningocócica. Recebeu o tratamento adequado, evoluindo com regressão do quadro infeccioso. Desenvolveu, entretanto, episódios recorrentes de cefaléia pulsátil, sem aura, unilateral, de forte intensidade e acompanhada por náusea e fotofobia. A freqüência dos episódios aumentou progressivamente até que se instituiu tratamento profilático com atenolol e amitriptilina, havendo remissão da dor.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Meningitis, Meningococcal/complications , Migraine without Aura/etiology , Amitriptyline/therapeutic use , Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/therapeutic use , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Migraine without Aura/diagnosis , Migraine without Aura/drug therapy , Severity of Illness Index
14.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 88(1): 1-7, jan. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-443635

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da estimulação atrial otimizada (EAO) (estimulação duplo-sítio atrial, freqüência acima da intrínseca e algoritmo funcional específico) e uso de atenolol, na prevenção da fibrilação atrial (FA) recorrente. Desfecho primário: quantificar a taxa de episódios de FA. Desfechos secundários: qualidade de vida, avaliação de sintomas específicos cardiovasculares, taxa de internações hospitalares, taxa de cardioversões elétricas e farmacológicas e eventos cardíacos adversos. MÉTODOS: Vinte e sete pacientes com FA paroxística recorrente e doença do nó sinusal foram submetidos ao implante de marcapasso duplo-sítio atrial e ventricular e iniciaram com atenolol 100 mg/dia, a seguir foram randomizados em dois grupos, grupo I (3 meses iniciais com EAO e algoritmo especifico ligado e mais 3 com o mesmo desligado) e grupo II (seqüência inversa do grupo I). O modo de estimulação foi DDDR e após 3 meses, foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e eletrônica do sistema de estimulação - mudança automática de modo (AMS), Holter de 24 horas, ecocardiograma e questionário SF-36. Em seguida, foram cruzados e após 6 meses, nova avaliação. RESULTADOS: Pacientes com EAO, quando comparados ao grupo com algoritmo desligado, apresentaram menores taxas de: FA/semana (p<0,001), ativações do AMS (p<0,01), hospitalizações (p<0,001), cardioversões (p<0,001), além de melhores índices dos componentes físico e mental da qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: A terapêutica híbrida, EAO associada ao uso de atenolol, reduziu a taxa de recorrência de FA e proporcionou melhora clínico funcional de pacientes com bradiarritmias sintomáticas.


OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of optimized atrial stimulation - OAS (dual-site atrial pacing, heart rate above the intrinsic rate, and specific functional algorithm), and the use of atenolol in preventing recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF). Primary endpoint: to quantify the rate of AF episodes. Secondary endpoints: assessment of quality of life, specific cardiovascular symptoms, rate of hospital admissions, rate of electrical and pharmacological cardioversions, and adverse cardiac events. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with recurrent episodes of paroxysmal AF and sinus node disease had dual-site atrial and ventricular pacemakers implanted, and were started on atenolol, 100 mg/day. Next, they were randomized to two groups: GROUP I: first three months with OAS and the specific pacing algorithm (DAO) turned on, and three more months with the algorithm off. GROUP II: the inverse sequence to GROUP I. The pacing mode chosen was DDDR, and after three months patients underwent clinical and electronic evaluations of the stimulation system by: automatic mode switch (AMS), 24-hour Holter monitoring, Doppler echocardiogram, and SF-36 questionnaire. Following, a crossover comparison took place, and a new assessment was performed six months later. RESULTS: When compared to the group with the algorithm turned off, OAS patients had lower rates of: AF/week (p < 0.001); AMS activations (p < 0.01); hospitalizations (p < 0.001); cardioversions (p < 0.001), and higher scores on the physical and mental components of quality of life. CONCLUSION: The hybrid therapy adopted, OAS associated with the use of atenolol, reduced the rate of recurrent AF and improved the clinical-functional status of patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmias.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/prevention & control , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial , Sick Sinus Syndrome/therapy , Algorithms , Combined Modality Therapy , Cross-Over Studies , Electric Countershock , Follow-Up Studies , Prospective Studies , Quality of Life , Recurrence/prevention & control , Single-Blind Method , Time Factors
17.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(5): 597-600, mayo 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-429063

ABSTRACT

Background: Atenolol is one of the most widely used beta blockers clinically, and has often been used as a reference drug in randomized controlled trials of hypertension. However, questions have been raised about atenolol as the best reference drug for comparisons with other antihypertensives. Thus, our aim was to systematically review the effect of atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. Methods: Reports were identified through searches of The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, relevant textbooks, and by personal communication with established researchers in hypertension. Randomized controlled trials that assessed the effect of atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity or mortality in patients with primary hypertension were included. Findings: We identified four studies that compared atenolol with placebo or no treatment, and five that compared atenolol with other antihypertensive drugs. Despite major differences in blood pressure lowering, there were no outcome differences between atenolol and placebo in the four studies, comprising 6,825 patients, who were followed up for a mean of 4.6 years on all-cause mortality (relative risk 1.01 [95% CI 0.89-1.15]), cardiovascular mortality (0.99[0.83-1.18]), or myocardial infarction (0.99 [0.83-1.19]). The risk of stroke, however, tended to be lower in the atenolol than in the placebo group (0.85 [0.72-1.01]). When atenolol was compared with other antihypertensives, there were no major differences in blood pressure lowering between the treatment arms. Our meta-analysis showed a significantly higher mortality (1.13[1.02-1.25]) with atenolol treatment than with other active treatment, in the five studies comprising 17,671 patients who were followed up for a mean of 4.6 years. Moreover, cardiovascular mortality also tended to be higher with atenolol treatment than with other antihypertensive treatment. Stroke was also more frequent with atenolol treatment. Interpretation: Our results cast doubts ...


Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Evidence-Based Medicine , Hypertension/drug therapy , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects , Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects , Atenolol/adverse effects , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards
19.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 59(5): 244-250, Oct. 2004. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-386556

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o comportamento da glicemia em recém-nascidos (RN) de mães hipertensas conforme o tratamento materno. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado, incluindo 93 RN de mães tratadas com isradipina(n=39), atenolol (n=40) ou dieta - controle (n=14). Determinou-se a glicemia ao nascimento (mãe e RN, pela glicose oxidase) e na 1ª., 3ª., 6ª., 12ª. e 24ª. horas (RN, por fita reagente). A evolução da glicemia, em cada grupo, foi analisada (Teste de Friedman). Os grupos foram comparados, quanto às glicemias, em cada momento (Teste de Kruskall-Wallis) e foram ajustados modelos de regressão linear para as glicemias (variável independente = glicemia materna; variáveis dependentes = glicemias de cordão, 3ª. e 6ª. horas). RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as glicemias médias dos 3 grupos, em qualquer uma das coletas. Houve correlação entre as glicemias materna e de cordão umbilical nos grupos isradipina (r =0,61; p<0,05) e controle (r =0,84; p<0,05); entre as glicemias materna e 3ª. e 6ª. horas, houve apenas no grupo controle (materna X 3ª.hora: r = 0,65; p<0,05; materna X 6a.hora: r =0,68; p<0,05). Não houve correlação em nenhum momento no grupo atenolol. Detectou-se hipoglicemia em 51,3% (Isradipina), 60% (Atenolol) e 35,7% (Controle), mais freqüentemente na 1ª. hora de vida, em todos os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem efeito semelhante dos 3 tipos de terapêutica sobre a glicemia do RN. As análises de correlação sugerem que a isradipina possa ter efeitos sobre a glicemia somente após o nascimento (correlação apenas em cordão umbilical), enquanto o atenolol, possa atuar mais precocemente (não se correlacionou em nenhum momento). Também reforçam a necessidade de controle glicêmico desde a 1ª. hora de vida em RN de mães hipertensas, submetidas ou não a tratamento medicamentoso.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Hypertension/drug therapy , Isradipine/therapeutic use , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/drug therapy , Apgar Score , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Blood Glucose/analysis , Epidemiologic Methods , Fetal Blood/chemistry , Hypertension/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/blood
20.
Sâo Paulo; s.n; 2004. [131] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-403678

ABSTRACT

Níveis plasmáticos e farmacocinética de beta-bloqueadores podem ser alterados por hipotermia e circulação extracorpórea (H-CEC). Avaliou-se, em pacientes submetidos a revascularização miocárdica (RM) com H-CEC, a farmacocinética do propranolol (n=11) e do atenolol (n=8) nos períodos pré e pós-operatório. Observou-se aumento da meia vida biológica e volume de distribuição apenas para o propranolol. O clearance total permaneceu inalterado para os dois fármacos e ocorreu aumento da concentração plasmática de propranolol do início até o final da H-CEC. Os resultados mostram que a RM com H-CEC induz alterações farmacocinéticas diferentes para o propranolol e o atenolol / Plasma levels and pharmacokinetics of betablockers may be altered by hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (H-CPB). We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of propranolol (n=11) and atenolol (n=8) pre and postoperatively in patients submitted to coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) employing H-CPB. Increase of biological half-life and volume of distribution was observed only for propranolol. The total clearance remained unchanged for both drugs and an increase in plasma propranolol was observed from the beginning to the end of H-CPB. Data obtained show that CABG employing H-CPB influences the propranolol and atenolol pharmacokinetics in distinct ways.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Atenolol/adverse effects , Atenolol/pharmacokinetics , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Extracorporeal Circulation/methods , Propranolol/adverse effects , Propranolol/pharmacokinetics , Propranolol/therapeutic use , Myocardial Revascularization/methods
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL